Harry Rutherford Jackman
National Government
Mr. JACKMAN:
I most certainly do agree with that statement, and I agree with it not
Mutual Aid Bill
only as an individual but as a citizen of this country. I hope that the -hon. member who interjected the remark a moment ago along with many others will find reason to agree with that statement when it is applied to a nation as well as to an individual.
If we serviced only our own man-power requirements, what a dislocation of industry and of agriculture would result! What an increase in the enlistments in our armed forces would result!
We have also heard alleged by some that Great Britain sold some of the goods which we sent to her, and it has even been alleged that she did so at a profit. That charge, sir, is too fantastic to be worthy of a denial, but because the belief is sincerely held I think the administration cannot go to too great pains to explain to those who are happy when they can allege fault on the part of Great Britain, how these complicated international transactions come about. If it would add any light on the subject I should like to quote from the Economist of February 20, 1943. This paragraph has reference to a certain policy which is being changed by the present bill, but nevertheless it does carry out some of the informational matter which I wish to bring before certain members of the house. It states:
It should be made clear that no fault is found in Canada with these arrangements, by which Canadian surplus munitions find their way into pools of war supplies under the allocationary control of London and Washington. It is recognized that, in practice, the authority to assign supplies must be centralized and so far no machinery has existed outside the London and Washington assignment boards. Nor is there much demand that Canada should assume a more direct responsibility over the final disposition of its surplus. The sale by the United Kingdom of Canadian funds to other united nations serves to secure wider distribution of Canadian munitions to fronts that need them. The distribution by American lend-lease of supplies purchased in Canada by the United States government serves the same purpose.
Therefore we see that whatever criticism, fantastic as it may be, that can be leveled at Great Britain, can equally be leveled against the United States, and of course once that is done, it is seen how utterly impossible and how utterly baseless such charges are. Is not the real test not only the immeasur-' able sacrifice of life but also the sacrifice measured in dollars? Are we with our much higher per capita wealth in Canada contributing as much as Great Britain? Surely that is the test as to whether one nation or another is making a greater contribution to this war. Of course there may be small matters which require explanation, such as Canadian goods which eventually found their wav to the front in Australia or in the South
Sea islands. Nevertheless the real test smely is, how much per capita is our country spending on the war and how much per capita are other countries spending on the war? Great Britain is spending for war at the rate of $23,000 millions a year. We are spending at the rate of $4,890 millions a year. Reducing that to terms which are more understandable, namely, the per capita expenditure on war, in Great Britain the figure is $500 per capita; in Canada it is $435 per capita; and this is the first time that the Canadian contribution has risen to anywhere near striking distance of the contribution which Great Britain has been making. .
Then, we must not only look at the per capita figures but take into account what the Minister of Finance said earlier this session in regard to how much further a dollar went in Great Britain in connection with the war than it goes in this country. There the rates of pay for the soldiers, sailors and airmen are very small in comparison with that which we pay our boys; and the financial situation in Britain is so hard pressed that, when their soldiers, sailors and airmen are fighting abroad in other countries, they are nevertheless taxed, something which we in this country fortunately have not had to do.
Then again, I should like to point out that the billion dollar gift does not mean more taxes or more expenditure on the part of this country. The minister has well set forth why this is so; but I should like to go even further than he did, and say that the gift of a billion dollars to Britain and the present Mutual Aid bill, instead of costing Canada more, actually cost Canada less; for, as I have said, if we were not producing the war materials and the food supplies in the safety of this great country, in the shadow of the Royal Navy and the protecting powers fighting abroad, we should have more men in the fighting services, and we know that to keep a man in the fighting services is much more expensive than to keep him at home. Not only is there the expense, but there is the loss of life and the sorrow occasioned to our people, and there is the pension bill which goes on for an indefinite number of years. So that these gifts of material things which we are privileged to make, actually, in a whole out war effort, cost this country less than if we were not in a position to give them, but on the other hand had as many men in the services as we could supply with munitions ourselves.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, what should be done? Possibly the -book accounts should be kept open. If, on the other hand, there
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should be no interallied debts, the slate should be kept clean; and in view of the trouble and world dislocation caused- by war debts after the last war I am inclined to agree with the latter alternative. But why should we, even with the consent of Great Britain, take all and everything we can from that country? What about Russia and China? They have no financial offsets to the contributions which we may make by way of materials and foodstuffs, but certainly their blood- and bravery have kept this country free from invasion, and we are privileged to give them of our production.
May I quote .an article which appeared in the Spectator early this year; I refer to the issue of January 22. The final paragraph is as follows:
On top of the Indian and South African loan call-ups
That is the redemption of them.
-the requisitioning and , redemption operation covering India's railway stocks gives a fresh fillip to markets. It also completes a process by which India has paid off the whole of her obligations in London.
I do hope that some United States critics of British administration in India will realize that India has now been able to pay off all the debts in sterling which were contracted with Great Britain for the railways, the great irrigation developments and other benefits which -were derived through the expenditure of that money.
So far as one can judge, India is still accumulating sterling credits as a result of the war. What will she do now that there are no more loans to redeem?
And this is the important part, Mr. Speaker:
Surely the time has come to review the interempire war financing arrangements as a whole. As they stand they bear little relation to the principle of equality of sacrifice.
As reported in Hansard, at page 2448, the minister said to the hon. member for Rosetown-Biggar (Mr. Coldwell):
Does not the hon. gentleman think his position is a little too much like this, that England's extremity is Canada's opportunity?
What I suggest is that the Minister of Finance has thought of the invidious situation in which this country is placed, but has thought of it a little too late. As Sir Kingsley Wood, Chancellor of the British Exchequer, said:
It rests upon the principle that in a common war all shall give all that they can to the common task.
We had some discussion in the house this afternoon about whether there had ever been any thought of material gain in entering this war. We did not enter this war for material
[Mr. Jackman.1
gain, not even gain from the enemy. This war was forced upon us. I hope that no country among the allies will be better off at the expense of one of the common partners, particularly the partner who has kept open at her own sacrifice the opportunity for us as well as herself to maintain our own way of living, an opportunity which is happily now on the way to realization. We of the united nations are common partners in the cause of freedom and liberty.
Mrs. DORISE W. NIELSEN (North Battle-ford) : Mr. Speaker, I rise this evening to say a few words in support of this bill for the appropriation of a billion dollars for the production and transferring of war supplies to the united nations' mutual aid, and against the amendment proposed this afternoon by the hon. member for Gaspe (Mr. Roy). It was advanced by the hon. member for Gaspe in bringing forward his amendment that it is a wrong thing for Canada to have to maintain her present status among the nations of the world. He wished to see Canada an independent nation. It is not so much that I quarrel with that particular idea; it is that I wholeheartedly disagree with that idea -being propounded at the present time. It seems to me quite true that we should stand on our own feet as a nation, particularly in the years to come, more than we have done. But for anyone to use that argument now, causing national disunity as well as strife between ourselves and Britain on the colonial question, and to use it to deny help to the united nations, is to jeopardize our chance of survival at all except as a colony of Germany and a part of their great slave empire. Is it not better to survive as we are at present than to survive, as a colony of Germany?
It is perfectly evident that at this very time Hitler would use anything that might come to his hand as a monkey-wrench to throw into the war machinery of the united nations, anything that he could use to upset the gear of the mighty war machine which he knows will soon be rolling against his armies, any single thing that he could make use of anywhere to delay or impede or hold back the great new offensive of the allies. He tried a trick quite recently, thinking he was going to pull an ace from his sleeve, when he tried to use the quisling elements among the Polish government in exile, together with such of the old Munich pro-nazi forces as he could find in Britain, to create strife between the united nations and to isolate the Soviet Union from them. It was only by reason of the realistic attitude taken by the Soviet Union; it was only because they exposed the filthy intrigue which was being
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carried on; it was only because they had the courage to shoot the spies who would have destroyed them if those spies themselves had not been destroyed, that Hitler's plans were set at naught. He was prevented in his scheme of setting up a federation of the smaller nations in Europe as he would have designed and would like to have accomplished. It was a fortunate thing that the Soviet Union upheld the Atlantic charter, one clause of which has guaranteed that the free peoples of the world shall have the right to choose their own governments.
I would say, therefore, that if there are in Canada any who have designs or wishes that Canada shall have a different status after the war is over, we can wait until at the peace table we have an opportunity for the discussion of these matters, and then we can vote for what our status shall be.
I must confess that I have been surprised that no one has yet replied to the speech made by the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres (Mr. Cardin) on Thursday of last week when the bill was in the resolution stage. Here we are nearing the completion of a war loan in which the slogan of the whole country has been "Back the Attack." As we agreed this afternoon by resolution wholeheartedly, we have come very happily to the successful conclusion of the African campaign, and now we await the opening of a greater and vaster allied offensive. At such a time, in my opinion, the speech made by the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres was the most destructive speech that could ever have come from a member of this house. It was a speech destructive to the morale of our boys not only here but overseas. It was a speech destructive to our national unity. In fact, Mr. Speaker, to be honest with you, I must say that in my opinion it was a subversive speech of the first order.
It was a startling thing to think that any hon. member, any person in Canada to-day, could say that we have not the same interest or the same advantages as the other nations in this war. If ever a speech gave comfort to the enemy, that speech most assuredly must have done so. The hon. member complained about the load of taxes, as if we were not already aware of this load. There is hardly a person in the country whom the tax structure has not hit and hit very hard. Is it not better for us to bear a load of that kind than to bear the load of blood and destruction which others of the allied nations have had to bear? Is it not to our advantage, whoever we are, whatever our views may be in this country, to destroy the enemy before he can invade us? Is it not to our advantage to save our civilians
from the horror, the tortures and the merciless terrors of the blitz? Is it not to our advantage to save our people from the starvation and brutality which are being suffered by the peoples of the conquered nations?
Hitler wants world domination, not just the domination of Europe. Let us never forget that. The united nations have all the same interest, and the primary interest of each is to save itself. So far, we have been luckier than the rest on account of our geographic position, but it would be foolish to think that this may always save us.
The hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres also complained that other nations were more responsible than we are for the war itself. Perhaps in a discussion of war guilt it would be wiser for every person to say, "Let him that is without sin cast the first stone." I doubt if many of us would be in that position. At the present time, however, what purpose can be served by discussing war guilt? The thing to be discussed is how the war is to be won and how speedily this can be accomplished. It does not help the position of the hon. member to remind us that he supported the war in the beginning. He admits that he supported it in the beginning when we were following the policy of collaboration with Germany as instigated by Chamberlain, until Chamberlain was put out of power by democratic opinion in Britain; and now when we are really fighting wholeheartedly against Germany the same hon. member says he does not want Canadian boys to lead the attack. At least we can say the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres is consistent in what he says and what he supports. Indeed, it must warm the heart of Hitler to listen to statements of this kind. He knows at least that some of those who befriended and helped him in the beginning are still of the same mind as they used to be and are not afraid to say so.
It is true that many of the French-speaking members of this house have mentioned their love of this country and their right to speak of their ancestors. I for one admire them and congratulate them upon that sentiment. Love of their own country is a thing greatly to be commended. But perhaps it would be just as well if we remembered that the Frenchspeaking people here are not the native people of this country. The American Indians were the native people. They have suffered from two main invasions, one of the French people and one of the English people. If we are not obsessed with our own sense of guilt when we think of the Indian's place in our national life to-day we should be. I would say that the American Indian on this continent, particularly in this country, is a living
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testimony to our own. ruthlessness, our own barbarity, our own ignorance, our own racial discrimination, and the guilt must be shared equally between the French-speaking and the English-speaking peoples.
What I would remind French-speaking people of is this. Were we ever to suffer a third invasion of this country, an invasion from the east by Germans and from1 the west by Japanese, dividing the loot of the spoils of this nation between the two great spheres of their influence, we would be lucky if we were to survive as long as the Indians have survived since the French and English took over this country. I wonder whether these things have occurred to the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres, that such a life would be the common lot of all Canadians under the heel of the herrenvolk unless it would be personally possible for him to collaborate with the new rulers of Canada and so escape the common lot of those forced to submit to the new rulers.
The hon. member is not anxious to see the spearhead made by Canadian boys on the continent of Europe; he says that if it were delayed it would be better. Three cheers from Goebbels and Company. These are the very things they themselves will advocate and try to gain if at all possible. I say to my hon. friends very honestly that it would be too good to be true that we in Canada should have no_ quislings. Seldom have I heard anyone voice anything more in favour of the axis than the opinions that have been declared by the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres in that most infamous speech.
Canada's armies overseas are now prepared for a great offensive. Nothing we can do to back that attack is too much. Thousands of our brave lads over there speak the same tongue as the hon. member, but they do not hold the same views as that hon. member holds. They are prepared, even if it means their death, to preserve the Canadian people from death and from a living death that would be worse. These boys overseas I dare say are better representatives of the Frenchspeaking people of this country than the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres.
These boys if they return will expect a chance to live with full rights and privileges, and it is up to you and me and all who share in making the legislation of this country to see to it that there is equality of opportunity for all our people and that there is no discrimination in the province of Quebec or any other part of this dominion. The hon. member who now makes so much fuss about those who are going to have to give their lives I do not think
has been noticeable through the years gone by as one of those who led the campaign for better standards of living or higher wages, shorter hours or better health conditions for the people of his province. Perhaps, if he had a record like that, some of these boys might think more of what he says to-day. These boys are going to fight, and they will be right over the top because they know that unless they take the offensive it is impossible to hope to win the war. They will give their lives if they have to in order to save the old men and old women of Canada who are filled with the ripeness of age, even as the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres. They will give their lives to save the aged people of this country from having a spade put into their hands and being made to measure their length on the cold, hard earth before digging their own graves, being shot and falling into them. These boys will give their lives, if needs be, to save their wives and sisters and children from being raped and burnt and murdered and buried alive. These things they will do to save the wholesale slaughter of Canadians and the destruction of our country, and to save us from the living death which many of us would have to endure if the axis should succeed. The cry of our brave boys overseas at this very time is that we back them, and with their deeds and their lives they will refute the words of the hon. member for Richelieu-Vercheres.
Mr. Speaker, I am against the amendment, and I am in complete agreement with the principles of this bill.
Subtopic: PROVISION FOR APPROPRIATION OF $1,000,000,000 FOR PRODUCTION AND TRANSFER OF WAR SUPPLIES